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Titanium-doped
sapphire is an optically pumped,
solid-state laser material with
an indefinitely long stability
and useful life. It is the most
widely used crystal for wavelength
tunable lasers. And it is a leading
material in the field of femtosecond
pulse lasers. Ti:sapphire laser
crystals combine the excellent
thermal, physical and optical
properties of sapphire with the
broadest tunable range of any
known material. Laser output can
be can be generated over the entire
spectrum from 650 nm to 1100 nm.
Frequency doubling the output
provides tunability across the
blue-green region of the visible
spectrum.
Laser designers
are using Ti:sapphire to generate
femtosecond pulses to create new
industrial tools. A properly delivered
femtosecond laser pulse interacts
within the target leaving the
surrounding area undisturbed.
Newly developed femtosecond pulsed
lasers micro-machine complex fine
structures in glass, metal and
other materials. Active waveguides
can be written below the surface,
integrating optical devices within
the body of a substrate. Defects
in photomasks can be repaired
without disturbing neighbouring
patterns. And it is now possible
to achieve cellular resolution
in vivo for medical diagnosis
with femtosecond pulse lasers.
Roditi offers
Ti:sapphire laser crystals made
to order, matching your
precise specifications. The crystals
are available in sizes from 2
mm to 30 mm diameter or diagonal
dimension and with path length
from 2 mm to over 100 mm long.
Crystals are prepared in several
standard titanium concentrations,
from 0.03% to 0.25%. They are
regularly available with FOM >
150, FOM > 300 and by special
order with FOM > 500. (Figure
of Merit is measured as the ratio
of α
820 nm : α
514 nm.)
A broad absorption
pump band, peaking at 490 nm:
High output efficiencies, gain
of 10dB/cm is typical in crystals
doped at 0.1%: Broadly tunable
output: Excellent conditions for
frequency doubling and femtosecond
pulse generation make Ti:sapphire
laser crystals an excellent
choice for tunable and ultra fast
pulse laser systems.
| Laser Action | 4
Level Laser |
Refractive Index | 1.77
at 532 nm |
| Output Wavelength | 650
nm to 1100 nm |
1.76 at 800 nm |
|
| Turnable Absorption Band | 400
nm to 600 nm |
1.75
at 1100 nm |
|
| Emission Cross-section | Σ532nm
= 4.9 x 10-20
cm2 |
Chemical Formula |
Al2O3:Ti |
Σ490nm
= 6.4 x 10-20
cm2 |
|
Titanium
Wt%
|
α
at 532 nm
|
|
0.03%
|
0.60/cm
± 20%
|
|
0.05%
|
0.95/cm
± 20%
|
|
0.10%
|
1.50/cm
± 20%
|
|
0.15%
|
2.10/cm
± 20%
|
|
0.25%
|
4.10/cm
± 20%
|
| Feature | Standard |
Special
Order |
| Crystal Orientation | A-Axis
within 5° |
|
(E-vector
parallel to C-Axis) |
||
| Diameter | 4
mm to 12mm |
Available |
| Diameter Tolerance | +0.0
mm/- 0.05 mm |
Available |
| Length (plano/plano) | 4
mm to 150 mm |
Available
|
| Length Tolerance | ± 0.75 mm |
± 0.50 mm |
| Perpendicularity of End Faces (plano/plano) | 5
arc-minutes |
2
arc-minutes |
| Parallelism of End Faces (plano/plano) | 10
arc-seconds |
|
|
Flatness |
0.1
wave maximum |
0.10
wave maximum |
| (plano/plano) | over
90% of aperture |
over
full aperture |
| Surface Finish at 5X | 20-10
(scratch & dig) |
10-5
(scratch & dig) |
| Barrel Finish | 400
grit |
Polished
approx. 80-50 |
| End Face Bevel | 0.075
mm to 0.12 mm at 45° angle |
|
| Chips | No chips allowed on end face of rod; chip having maximum length of 0.3 mm permitted to lie in the area of bevel and barrel surfaces. | |
| End Configurations | plano/plano, plano/wedge, wedge/wedge or Brewster cut. Plano ends can be finished flat, concave or convex | |
| Coatings | Standard coating is BBAR with R < 5.0% each face at 532 nm and R < 0.5% each face, 650 nm to 850 nm. | |
| Other coatings available. | ||
| FOM, α 820 mm : α 514 mm | ||
| 0.03% to 0.15% Ti | FOM > 150, FOM > 300 | FOM 500 and above |
| 0.25% Ti | FOM > 75, FOM > 150 | FOM 300 and above |